Biology Comprehensive Practice Test 6

Questions

100

Marks

Sections

100%

Auto-Graded

Section	Questions	Marks each	Total marks
A — Multiple Choice	15	2	30
B — True / False	10	2	20
C — Fill in the Blank	10	2	20
D — Column Matching	5 pairs	2	10
E — Short Answer	5	4	20
Total	45	—	100

Fill-in-the-blank answers are checked against accepted spellings of the key term. Short answers are marked against a marking guide: write a full answer (at least 8 words) and you earn marks for each key idea you include. After you submit, every question shows the correct answer with a short explanation.

Section A — Multiple Choice

30 marks

15 questions · 2 marks each. Choose the best answer.

1.Cellular respiration releases energy from glucose mainly as:Basic2 pts

A. Light energy that cells give out

B. Chemical energy in the form of ATP

C. Stored starch in the mitochondria

D. Heat energy that cells cannot use

Why: The correct answer is B. Respiration transfers energy from glucose to ATP, which cells use to power processes. Some energy is also released as heat.

2.Which is the word equation for aerobic respiration?Basic2 pts

A. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

B. Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

C. Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

D. Oxygen + water → glucose + energy

Why: The correct answer is A. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break glucose down to carbon dioxide and water. The second equation is photosynthesis.

3.Most ATP in aerobic respiration is made in the:Basic2 pts

A. Nucleus

B. Ribosomes

C. Golgi apparatus

D. Mitochondria

Why: The correct answer is D. The later stages of aerobic respiration happen in the mitochondria.

4.Anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells produces:Basic2 pts

A. Ethanol and carbon dioxide

B. Glucose and oxygen

C. Lactic acid

D. Starch and water

Why: The correct answer is C. Muscle cells make lactic acid. Yeast makes ethanol and carbon dioxide.

5.Compared with aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration releases:Intermediate2 pts

A. Much less energy per glucose molecule

B. The same amount of energy

C. Much more energy per glucose molecule

D. No energy at all

Why: The correct answer is A. Glucose is only partly broken down in anaerobic respiration, so far less ATP is made.

6.Alveoli are well adapted for gas exchange because they:Intermediate2 pts

A. Have thick walls to prevent leakage

B. Are far from blood capillaries

C. Have a dry surface

D. Provide a large surface area with thin walls next to capillaries

Why: The correct answer is D. A large surface area, thin walls and a rich blood supply allow fast diffusion.

7.During breathing in (inhalation), the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles:Intermediate2 pts

A. Relax, so the chest volume decreases

B. Contract, so chest volume increases and the air pressure in the lungs falls

C. Contract, so chest volume decreases

D. Relax, so air is pushed into the lungs

Why: The correct answer is B. Contraction flattens the diaphragm and lifts the ribs. The volume rises, the pressure falls, and air flows in.

8.Gas exchange in the alveoli moves:Intermediate2 pts

A. Oxygen out of the blood and carbon dioxide into the blood

B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide both into the blood

C. Oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood

D. Nitrogen into the blood and oxygen out of the blood

Why: The correct answer is C. Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveolar air.

9.Which list shows the taxonomic ranks in order from the largest group to the smallest?Intermediate2 pts

A. Genus, family, order, class

B. Species, genus, family, order

C. Kingdom, class, phylum, order

D. Kingdom, phylum, class, order

Why: The correct answer is D. The ranks run kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

10.In the binomial system, the scientific name of an organism consists of:Advanced2 pts

A. The genus name followed by the species name

B. The family name followed by the order name

C. The kingdom name followed by the genus name

D. A common name followed by the habitat

Why: The correct answer is A. For example, Homo sapiens: Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species.

11.Which feature is shared by all vertebrates?Advanced2 pts

A. An exoskeleton made of chitin

B. Wings for flight

C. A backbone (vertebral column)

D. Warm blood

Why: The correct answer is C. Vertebrates have a backbone. Warm blood is found only in birds and mammals.

12.Fossils provide evidence for evolution because they:Advanced2 pts

A. Show that species never change

B. Show that organisms in the past differed from living species and record change over time

C. Prove that every species is extinct

D. Are always found in the youngest rock layers

Why: The correct answer is B. Fossils in different rock layers record how life has changed and include species that no longer exist.

13.Which feature is an adaptation for surviving in a hot, dry desert?Advanced2 pts

A. Thin, broad leaves with many open stomata

B. Shallow roots that stay close to a river

C. Thick fur that traps heat

D. A fleshy stem that stores water, with leaves reduced to spines

Why: The correct answer is D. Water storage and reduced leaves cut water loss. Thin broad leaves would lose too much water.

14.Biodiversity loss is most directly reduced by:Advanced2 pts

A. Protecting habitats and managing species sustainably

B. Removing predators from every habitat

C. Introducing non-native species widely

D. Clearing forests for farmland

Why: The correct answer is A. Protecting habitats keeps the places and resources that species need. The other options usually reduce biodiversity.

15.Which is a main source of new genetic variation in a population?Advanced2 pts

A. Gaining a skill through practice

B. Eating a different diet

C. Mutation, together with the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction

D. Moving to a new habitat

Why: The correct answer is C. Heritable variation comes from mutation and from meiosis and fertilisation. Skills and diet are not inherited.

Section B — True / False

20 marks

10 questions · 2 marks each.

16.Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.Basic2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is True. Oxygen is used to break glucose down completely and release a large amount of energy.

17.Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process.Basic2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is False. Breathing moves air in and out of the lungs. Cellular respiration releases energy from glucose inside cells.

18.Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.Basic2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is True. This is alcoholic fermentation, used in baking and brewing.

19.Gas exchange across the alveoli happens by diffusion.Basic2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is True. Gases move from higher to lower concentration across the thin alveolar wall.

20.Cells respire only when an organism is exercising.Basic2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is False. Living cells respire all the time to release energy.

21.Humans and chimpanzees share a more recent common ancestor than humans and frogs do.Intermediate2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is True. Humans and chimpanzees are both primates. Frogs are amphibians and are more distantly related.

22.Organisms with the same common name always belong to the same species.Intermediate2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is False. Common names can refer to different species in different places, which is why scientific names are used.

23.Individual organisms evolve during their lifetime to meet their needs.Advanced2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is False. Populations evolve over generations. Individuals do not change their genes to meet needs.

24.Fossils are most commonly found in igneous rock formed from cooled lava.Advanced2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is False. Fossils are mostly found in sedimentary rock. The heat of igneous rock destroys remains.

25.The extinction of species can reduce biodiversity.Advanced2 pts

True

False

Why: The answer is True. Extinction removes species, which lowers species diversity and often genetic diversity too.

Section C — Fill in the Blank

20 marks

10 questions · 2 marks each. Type the missing word or term.

26.The gas given out when yeast respires anaerobically and makes bread dough rise is ______.Intermediate2 pts

Why: Bubbles of carbon dioxide make the dough rise.

27.The molecule that carries usable energy in cells is abbreviated ______.Intermediate2 pts

Why: ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

28.The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs are called ______.Intermediate2 pts

Why: Alveoli have thin walls and many capillaries.

29.The windpipe is also called the ______.Intermediate2 pts

Why: The trachea carries air to the bronchi.

30.The red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen is ______.Intermediate2 pts

Why: Haemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues.

31.In a scientific name, the first part, shared by closely related species, is the ______.Advanced2 pts

Why: In Homo sapiens, Homo is the genus.

32.The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms are called ______.Advanced2 pts

Why: Fossils give evidence of past life.

33.The permanent disappearance of a species from Earth is called ______.Advanced2 pts

Why: A species is extinct when no individuals remain alive.

34.A feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment is an ______.Advanced2 pts

Why: Adaptations can be structural, behavioural or physiological.

35.A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring is a ______.Advanced2 pts

Why: This is a common definition of species. It has limits for asexual organisms.

Section D — Column Matching

10 marks

Use the ▲ ▼ buttons to reorder Column B until each row lines up with the correct term in Column A. 2 marks per correct pair.

36–40.Match each term in Column A with the correct description in Column B.Advanced10 pts

Column A

Mitochondrion

Alveolus

Binomial name

Adaptation

Extinction

Column B

Loss of a species from Earth

Two-part scientific name: genus and species

Site of most ATP production

Tiny air sac where gases are exchanged

Feature that improves survival and reproduction

Why: Mitochondria make most ATP; an alveolus is a tiny air sac for gas exchange; a binomial name has two parts, genus and species; an adaptation improves survival and reproduction; extinction is the loss of a species from Earth.

Section E — Short Answer

20 marks

5 questions · 4 marks each. Answer in one or two full sentences (at least 8 words). Marks are given for each key idea in the marking guide.

41.Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells.Advanced4 pts

42.Explain how the structure of the alveoli and their blood supply make gas exchange efficient.Advanced4 pts

43.Explain how the fossil record and the similarity of DNA between species provide evidence for evolution.Advanced4 pts

44.Why is the binomial naming system useful in biology?Advanced4 pts

45.Describe two human activities that reduce biodiversity and one action that helps to protect it.Advanced4 pts