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Number Sense · Topic XIV

Divisibility Rules: Quick Tests for 2 Through 12

You can tell whether a number divides evenly by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 — without doing a single division — just by checking its digits.

EDUSAMBAM Editorial Team | 17 min read | Mathematics
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Divisibility rules are shortcuts — quick digit checks that instantly reveal whether one number divides evenly into another, with zero remainder, before you ever pick up a calculator or do long division.

1.What Does "Divisible" Mean?

A number is divisible by another number if dividing them leaves no remainder at all. 12 is divisible by 3, because 12 ÷ 3 = 4 exactly. 13 is not divisible by 3, because 13 ÷ 3 leaves a remainder of 1.

2.Divisible by 2

Rule: the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 (in other words, the number is even).

Example

246: the last digit is 6, which is even, so 246 is divisible by 2 (246 ÷ 2 = 123).

3.Divisible by 3

Rule: add up all the digits. If that sum is divisible by 3, so is the original number.

Example

4536: digits add up to 4+5+3+6 = 18. Since 18 is divisible by 3, so is 4536 (4536 ÷ 3 = 1512).

4.Divisible by 4

Rule: look only at the last two digits. If that two-digit number is divisible by 4, the whole number is too.

Example

1728: the last two digits form 28, and 28 ÷ 4 = 7 exactly. So 1728 is divisible by 4 (1728 ÷ 4 = 432).

5.Divisible by 5

Rule: the last digit is 0 or 5.

Example

3125: the last digit is 5, so 3125 is divisible by 5 (3125 ÷ 5 = 625).

6.Divisible by 6

Rule: the number must pass both the rule for 2 and the rule for 3 at the same time — divisible by 6 simply means divisible by both of its factors, 2 and 3.

Example

4536: it's even (passes rule of 2) and its digit sum 18 is divisible by 3 (passes rule of 3). Since both pass, 4536 is divisible by 6 (4536 ÷ 6 = 756).

7.Divisible by 7

Rule: this one takes a few more steps. Double the last digit, subtract that from the rest of the number, and repeat until you reach a small number you can check directly. If the final result is divisible by 7, so is the original number.

Example

812: double the last digit (2×2=4). Subtract from the rest: 81 − 4 = 77. Since 77 ÷ 7 = 11 exactly, 812 is divisible by 7 (812 ÷ 7 = 116).

Why Bother With 7?

The rule for 7 is trickier than the others because 7 doesn't divide evenly into 10 or 100 the way 2, 5, and other factors of 10 do — so no simple "look at the last digit" shortcut exists. Many students simply divide by 7 directly instead of using this rule, and that's a perfectly reasonable choice.

8.Divisible by 8

Rule: look only at the last three digits. If that three-digit number is divisible by 8, the whole number is too.

Example

1728: the last three digits form 728, and 728 ÷ 8 = 91 exactly. So 1728 is divisible by 8 (1728 ÷ 8 = 216).

9.Divisible by 9

Rule: add up all the digits. If that sum is divisible by 9, so is the original number — the same idea as the rule for 3, just checking a stricter total.

Example

4536: digits add up to 4+5+3+6 = 18, and 18 is divisible by 9. So 4536 is divisible by 9 (4536 ÷ 9 = 504).

10.Divisible by 10

Rule: the last digit is 0.

Example

8710: the last digit is 0, so 8710 is divisible by 10 (8710 ÷ 10 = 871).

11.Divisible by 11

Rule: starting from the right, alternately add and subtract each digit. If the result is 0 or a multiple of 11, the original number is divisible by 11.

Example

8712: from the right, alternate adding and subtracting: 2 − 1 + 7 − 8 = 0. Since 0 counts as a multiple of 11, 8712 is divisible by 11 (8712 ÷ 11 = 792).

12.Divisible by 12

Rule: the number must pass both the rule for 3 and the rule for 4 — just like 6 needed both 2 and 3, since 12 = 3 × 4.

Example

4536: digit sum 18 is divisible by 3, and the last two digits (36) are divisible by 4. Since both pass, 4536 is divisible by 12 (4536 ÷ 12 = 378).

13.Complete Summary Table

Divisible ByRule
2Last digit is even (0, 2, 4, 6, 8)
3Digit sum is divisible by 3
4Last two digits form a number divisible by 4
5Last digit is 0 or 5
6Passes both the rule for 2 and the rule for 3
7Double the last digit, subtract from the rest, repeat
8Last three digits form a number divisible by 8
9Digit sum is divisible by 9
10Last digit is 0
11Alternating digit sum (right to left) is 0 or a multiple of 11
12Passes both the rule for 3 and the rule for 4
"96432 is divisible by 9 because it's divisible by 3"

Divisibility by 3 doesn't guarantee divisibility by 9 — 9 is a stricter check.

The fix: 96432 has a digit sum of 24. Since 24 is divisible by 3, the number passes the rule for 3. But 24 is not divisible by 9 (24 ÷ 9 = 2 remainder 6), so 96432 fails the rule for 9, even though it passed for 3. Always check the specific rule for the number you actually need — passing a smaller divisor's rule doesn't guarantee passing a larger one's.

Try It Yourself

Divisibility Checker

Tap any number below to instantly see every number from 2 to 12 it divides evenly by.

Real-World Example

Splitting a restaurant bill of $84 evenly among a group: knowing 84 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 12 (but not 5, 8, or 9) instantly tells you which group sizes divide the bill evenly, without a single division on a calculator.

Did You Know?

The rule for 9 works for a surprising reason: since our number system is base 10, and 10 leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 9, every place value (1, 10, 100, 1000...) also leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 9 — which is exactly why simply adding the digits works.

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14.Why This Topic Matters

Divisibility rules are the foundation for everything that comes next in number theory — factors, multiples, simplifying fractions, and finding the HCF and LCM of numbers all lean on being able to spot divisibility quickly. They also make everyday splitting, grouping, and sharing problems fast to solve in your head.

Test Your Understanding

Practice Questions

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1.Which of these numbers is divisible by 2?
2.Is 4536 divisible by 3?
3.What part of a number do you check for divisibility by 4?
4.Which of these is divisible by 5?
5.What two rules must a number pass to be divisible by 6?
6.Using the rule for 7 on 812: double the last digit (2), then what?
7.Is 1728 divisible by 8?
8.Is 96432 divisible by 9?
9.Which of these is divisible by 10?
10.Is 8712 divisible by 11?
11.What two rules must a number pass to be divisible by 12?
12.Why does adding up the digits work as a rule for both 3 and 9?
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